Eva’s On Fleek song lyrics actually read:

Il m’fait le philosophe

That’s a colloquial way to say:

He is playing/acting like a philosopher

The extra pronoun here is often known as the ethic dative (after the Latin dativus ethicus construction, although the pronoun is not expletive in Latin) or dative of interest. My edition of Le Bon Usage (14th ed.) prefers the former term (§672 b.3°e).

It doesn’t have a grammatical function per se, but indicates that the person in question has some sort of serious/vested interest in the topic. Sometimes, it’s addressed to the listener (Je te retourne ça à l’envoyeur, moi!), to emphasize instead that basically the action is very energetic. It’s the same pronoun as found in orders of the form Écoute/goûte/regarde-moi ça, which you may be more familiar with.

In this particular instance, we would say in English that the speaker is being philosophized at, with the specific implication that the philosophical tangents are annoying or inconvenient.