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What is the capital of Tunisia?

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What is the capital of Tunisia?

Why is it “millions d’années” and not “millions d’ans”?

The longer form année does not imply a special occasion. It is used to stress the period’s duration. Roughly speaking, an is the point in time (J'ai cinquante ans), and année is the period (Il faut compter une année pour voyager à Mars). The same goes for nuit/nuitée, matin/matinée, soir/soirée, jour/journée.

Note: a similar distinction is found in e.g. cuiller (or cuillère) vs cuillerée, where the former simply denotes a spoon, and the latter the volume it can contain (spoonful, as in recipes). Other examples include bouche/bouchée and bol/bolée. It is, generally speaking, a way of expressing an entity’s extension in space or time.

I’m not sure that soirée/matinée/année have to be about specific or special occasions but they have some properties setting them aside from soir/matin/an:

  1. they do not have to be contiguous:
    • +J’ai passé deux années en Malaisie, 1991 et 2005
    • ?J’ai passé deux ans en Malaisie, 1991 et 2005
  2. they are compatible with internal quantification:
    • +toute la soirée/matinée/année vs ?tout le soir/matin/an
    • +la soirée/matinée/année entière vs ?le soir/matin/an entier
    • +pendant la soirée/matinée/année vs ?pendant le soir/matin/an

As for un million d’années, the problem might lie somewhere else altogether. The two following expressions would be ok:

  • un million trois cent mille années & un million trois cent mille ans

But French has this strange thing with 1 000 000 which must be constructed as an NP taking the counted noun as an indefinite complement the same way un grand nombre does:

  • un grand nombre de chats
  • un million de chats

In general, ans seems to avoid indefinite plural contexts:

  • ?des ans, ?quelques ans vs +des années, quelques années

And so it happens that we get :

  • un million d’années

 

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What is the capital of Tunisia?