Short answer : you don’t.
A bit longer answer : you need to find another way of phrasing the same idea. Anything will do, really. “I can’t go without you having eaten breakfast” can also be phrased as
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“I can’t go if you haven’t eaten breakfast.”
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“As you haven’t eaten breakfast, I can’t go.”
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“I can’t go because you haven’t eaten breakfast.”
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“I can’t go before you have eaten breakfast.”
And many variations on these models, plus probably other models. All these sentences have direct French equivalents, but the English construction of “with(out) subject verbing” has none. For your last example “Ne les mangez pas avant que j’aie pris une douche” would be the closest.
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