The English present perfect being a present tense, the answer to your question is that often the présent simple will translate into the present perfect in English. The présent simple and the present perfect are both used to describe a present state of things and when present perfect is used with a time expression it will usually translate into a présent simple.

Je l’attends depuis deux heures. I’ve been waiting for him since two.
Je l’attends depuis une demie heure. I’ve been waiting for half an hour.
Elle est adorable depuis qu’elle est née. She’s been lovely since she was born.

But:

I have read this book twice since my last birthday.¹ J’ai lu ce livre deux fois depuis mon dernier anniversaire.
I’ve eaten the last piece of cake. J’ai mangé le dernier morceau de gâteau.

This is just a start and I expect there’s a lot more to be said on the subject.

¹: Exemple pris sur ELL