The difference is that the first form is more likely to be used, with question ou exercice type meaning questions or exercices that represent what to expect, models, while questions / exercices typiques alone is slightly odd, as typique is often close to exotic.

On the other hand, you might say Est-il possible de nous envoyer des exemples d’exercices typiques de ce sur quoi on peut tomber lors de l’examen de troisième année.