« Le mange-t-il » I think but not a sentence I would say IRL. (French native here)
There are various alternatives:
- Est-ce qu’il le mange ? (both formal and informal)
- Il le mange ? (with rising intonation; rather informal)
- Le mange-t-il ? (the most formal version)
In case of the passé composé (perfect in English), the respective phrases are as follow:
- Est-ce qu’il l’a mangé ? (both formal and informal)
- Il l’a mangé ? (that is, with rising intonation; rather informal)
- L’a-t-il mangé ? (the most formal version)
Note that gateau is masculine. In the case of a feminine noun like la confiture we would write (phonetically there is no difference), respectively:
- Est-ce qu’il l’a mangée ? (both formal and informal)
- Il l’a mangée ? (with rising intonation; rather informal)
- L’a-t-il mangée ? (the most formal version)
This is due to a phenomenon called “accord du participe passé”.
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