1. Yup, those sentences are fine.

2. Yup, and your "Strangely" paragraph explains it well (and why it’s not so strange).

3. Yup, you should expect that. Barring omissions, the dictionary should list the preposition that goes with the verb if it requires one. Why? Because this choice can’t be reliably determined by any rule or by the meaning of the preposition — even if generalizations about the meanings of de and à sometimes work.

4. Yup, porter takes a direct object, the thing worn. You’ve stated your confusion correctly. It’s a coincidence that all the examples on WR use de, because it’s not the preposition de but the partitive article de. Hence any article could be used in that slot. « Je veux porter les pantalons bleus » or « Je porte une chemise » or « Je porterai mon chapeau » are all OK.

Note that in « Elle ne voulut plus porter d’autre bonnet que celui-ci », de is substited for the article as a predictable grammatical rule following negation. However, according to the comments, it would also be possible to say « Elle ne voulut plus porter un autre bonnet que celui-ci » in the event that the speaker had in mind a particular « autre bonnet », as opposed to no longer wanting other « bonnets » in general.