I mostly agree with you, “rappelez-moi de ne jamais […]” would be for something you did not do and want to make sure you will never do.

“rappelez-moi de ne jamais […]” and “ça m’apprendra à” are very different expressions.

It is true that “ça m’apprendra à” is definitely for something you did and caused you troubles,
and that “rappelez-moi de ne jamais faire ceci” is for something you didn’t do and don’t want to do;
but you could use a variant “rappelez-moi de ne jamais plus faire ceci” for something you did and regret.

So the major difference between these two expressions is rather that with “ça m’apprendra à” you insist on you being taught a lesson by life,
while with “rappelez-moi de ne jamais” you are not confident in your ability to remember the lesson and you would like your friends to help you not doing it in the future.