To start with the boring stuff: you would say “professionnelle” to match the gender of “expérience”.

Then I would probably replace “des” with “les” both times, to appear more decisive and precise.

Finally, I would replace “du monde d’entreprise” with “du monde de l’entreprise” (or simply “du monde professionnel”).
Which gives us:

Mon expérience professionnelle me permet de bien comprendre les
processus métiers et les besoins fonctionnels du monde de l’entreprise