“Chaque jour” is much, much more common.

“Chaque journée” looks grammatical, I could see it used in sentences like “chaque journée passée loin de toi…“, but it’s pretty rare.

Here’s some data to give you an idea.

I think I didn’t misunderstand your question, it wasn’t very clear.

There is no rigid rule and the duration and division words aren’t always interchangeable.

Chaque jour (very common: usually means “every day” but can mean “each day” too)
Chaque journée (possible; usually means “each day” but can mean “every day” too)

Chaque matin (possible, we often prefer tous les matins)
Chaque matinée (possible, = “each morning”)

Chaque soir (possible, we often prefer tous les soirs)
Chaque soirée (possible, = “each evening”)

Chaque an (almost impossible in modern French, we say either tous les ans or chaque année but chaque nouvel an is possible)
Chaque année (has both meanings)

Both d’autres/certains/quelques jours and d’autres/certaines/quelques journées are possible.

Using matins and soirs is rare with d’autres, certains, very rare with quelques.

D’autres, certains, and quelques are never used with ans but we say d’autres/certaines/quelques années.