As a random cuss it’s usually just “merde” or “zut” (or a variety of exclamations that may be specific to one person: my mother’s minced oath of choice was “Bateau!”). If you wish to damn “it” (i.e. damn something/someone) specifically, there are various expressions, but none that people would actually say.

Yes there is an equivalent in French, but we cannot use it as easily as in English. I mean, in English you can put “fuck(ing)” before any noun, adjective or verb. In French, unfortunately, we can use it only with “nouns”.

On ne peut pas se tromper avec un bon vieux “Putain!”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GSeaDQ6sPs0